第五讲：代词（二）
1. 疑问代词
(1) 定义：对某人或某物进行提问的代词。一般用在特殊疑问句的句首。
常见疑问代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which
(2) 用法详解
① who对人提问，在句中作主语。
如：Who is the boy in black coat?
② whom对人提问，在句中作宾语。
如：Whom are they looking for?
注意：口语中who 常可以代替whom，但当whom位于介词后时，不能用who 代替。如：Who are they looking for?
③ whose对人提问，意为“谁的”，在句中主要作定语修饰名词，也可作主语、宾语或表语。
如：Whose computer is this?
④what 对事物提问，意为“什么”。还可用于提问职业、地位等。
如：What are you doing?
What color are your new trousers?
What’s the date today?
--What’s your father?
--He is a worker.
⑤ which哪一个/些，用于对人或事物提问。
如：Which desk is yours?
Which sport do you like most, basketball, football, or volleyball?
2. 不定代词
1) 定义：不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。
常见不定代词有some, any, many, much, few, a few, little, a little, both, all等。
2) 用法要点:
(1) some/any
① some一般用于肯定句中，可以代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
如：We have some money.
I have some books.
We like some of them.
注意：some有时也可用于疑问句，表示希望得到对方肯定回答的请求或建议。
May I have some water? （表请求）
Should we get some water? （表建议）
②any表示“一些”时，多用于疑问句和否定句中，可以代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
如：Have you any brothers?
I don’t have any money now.
注意：any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何”。
如：I can see you any time on Monday.
(2)many/much
① many表示“很多”，代替或修饰复数可数名词。
如：
Many students are on the playground.
② much也表示“很多”，但其代替或修饰不可数名词。
如：
They have much milk and bread.
We have much homework.
(3) few/a few
代替或修饰可数名词。
① few表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。
如：Few people like the movie.
He has few friends.
② a few表示肯定意义，意为“有些；几个”。
如：A few people like the movie.
He has a few friends.
(4) little/a little
代替或修饰不可数名词。
① little表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。
如：We have little milk. We need to buy some.
② a little表示肯定意义，表示“一点”。
如：--What do we need?
--A little milk and some sugar.
(5) both/all
① both表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Both of my parents are doctors.
We both like reading.
② all表示“三者或三者以上都；全部都”，作主语时，谓语动词要视具体情况采用单数或复数形式。
如：All of us are students.
All children should learn to swim.
All of my money was lost.
(6) either/neither
either指“（两个人或物中的）任何一个”，表肯定意义。
neither则表示“（两个人或物中的）任何一个都不”，表否定意义。
这两个词作主语时，谓语动词都要用单数。
如：There is tea or coffee—you can have either.
Either of the two boys likes the book.
--Would you like tea or coffee?
--Neither, thanks.'
Neither of them knows the answer.