第二讲:冠词
一、冠词的概念(什么是冠词?)
冠词是放在名词前用来帮助说明名词含义的词。
二、冠词的分类
注意:a用于以辅音发音开头的单词或字母前,an用于以元音发音开头的单词或字母前。
如:a bus, a boy, an eye, an apple
但用a还是用an取决于单词的第一个发音,而不是字母。
如:an hour, a uniform
1. 不定冠词的用法
(1) 相当于数量词one。
如: There is twelve months in a year.
(2) 表示一类人或物
如:A horse is an animal.
(3) 表示一类人或物中的某一个
如:I met a girl at the gate yesterday.
(4) 用于某些固定词组或短语中。
如:a little, a few, have a cold, go for a walk
2. 定冠词的用法
(1) 表示前面提到过的人或事物。
如: I saw a girl yesterday. The girl was very beautiful.
(2) 特指双方都明白的人或物。
如: Who is the boy?
Give me the book.
(3) 用于世上独一无二的事物前。
如:The sun is bigger than the earth.
(4) 与单数可数名词连用,表示一类人或物。
如: The cat is a lovely animal.
(5) 用于形容词最高级前。
如:He is the tallest boy in our class.
(6) 用于序数词前
如:I live on the second floor.
(7) 用于乐器前。
如:He plays the piano very well.
(8)用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇。
如:The Smiths are watching TV.
(9) 用于某些形容词前,表示一类人。
如:The young should work hard.
(10) 用于某些固定词组或短语中。
如:in the morning, in the rain, in the world
3. 不用冠词的情况
(1) 名词前已有作定语的指示代词(如this, that)、物主代词(如my, her)、不定代词(如some, any)时不用冠词。
如: Give me that book.
The letter is in her bag.
(2) 学科名称前通常不用冠词。
如:I like English.
(3) 复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。
如:Horses are animals.
(4)星期、月份、季节和节日名称前不用冠词。
如: It’s Sunday today.
She was born in September 26, 1987.
(5) 三餐、球类运动名词之前不用冠词。
如:When do you have lunch?
He often plays football.
(6)由介词by引导的交通工具名词前不用冠词。
如:I go to school by bus every day.
(7)在称呼语及表示头衔、职位的名词前不加冠词。
如:Miss Li,Chairman Chen
We made him monitor.
(8) 某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词。
如: at night, go to school, by bus, on foot, at home, in English
注意:不可数名词前通常不用不定冠词(a,an),但可以用定冠词the表示特指。
如:Where is the milk?