第十五讲:祈使句和感叹句
1. 祈使句
祈使句是用来表示命令,请求或建议等意义的句子。祈使句的主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。
(1)祈使句的肯定结构:
①以动词原形开头。
如:Come in.
Stand up.
Be quiet.
②以please开头,后面接动词原形。
如:
Please sit down.
Please keep silent.
或以动词原形开头,将please放在后面。
如:Sit down, please.
Keep silent, please.
③let +sb.+ 动词原形
如:
Let me have a look.
Let’s have a rest.
(2) 祈使句的否定结构:
①直接在动词原形的前面加don’t。
如:Don’t do that.
Don’t open the window.
②以let开头的祈使句,它的否定形式是“Let+sb.+not+动词原形”。
如:Let’s not play basketball in the classroom.
Let’s not be late again.
③ No+doing或No+名词。这种形式的祈使句通常用于公共场所的提示语,表示“禁止”、“规劝”。
如:
No photos! 不许照相!
No smoking! 不准抽烟!
No parking!不准停车!
2. 感叹句
感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子,句末用惊叹号。它往往由what或how引导。what后接名词或名词短语,how后接形容词,副词或动词。
(1) what引导的感叹句结构:
① What +a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
如:
What a beautiful flower it is!
What an interesting book it is!
② What + 形容词 + 复数名词+ 主语 + 谓语!
如:
What lovely girls they are!
What interesting books they are!
③ What + 形容词 +不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
如:
What fine weather we have today!
What good news it is!
(2) how引导的感叹句结构:
① How+形容词+主语+谓语!
如:
How clever the girl is!
How strong the boy is!
②How+形容词+ a/an + 单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
如:
How strange an old man he is!
=What a strange old man he is!
How heavy a box it is!
=What a heavy box it is!
③ How+副词+主语+谓语!
如:
How fast Jim runs!
How carefully they are working!
④ How+主语+谓语!
如:
How time flies!
How I want to learn English well!